What gas is used to sterilize surgical instruments?

Ethylene oxide is widely recognized as a gas used for sterilizing surgical instruments, particularly those that are sensitive to heat and moisture. This method is effective for items made of plastics and other materials that cannot undergo traditional steam sterilization. Ethylene oxide gas penetrates packaging and complex equipment, ensuring that every surface is disinfected. The gas works by alkylating the proteins of microorganisms, effectively killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

While chlorine and hydrogen peroxide are effective disinfectants, they are not typically used in the sterilization of surgical instruments in a gas form. Chlorine is more commonly associated with surface disinfection, while hydrogen peroxide, in higher concentrations, may be used for similar purposes, but not as a widespread sterilization gas. Moreover, carbon dioxide is not employed for sterilization purposes and does not have the properties needed to achieve the necessary sterility in medical settings. Thus, ethylene oxide stands out as the most suitable and effective choice for sterilizing instruments in healthcare environments.